总：FactoryBean的实现原理与作用
FactoryBean与BeanFactory：
这俩货在拼写上很是相似，很多同学在看IOC源码或者其他地方并不能分清有啥区别，前面的IOC源码中我简单说过，现在统一简单来讲一下：
FactoryBean：是一个Java Bean，但是它是一个能生产对象的工厂Bean，它的实现和工厂模式及修饰器模式很像。比如下：我们把bean比作 是人，那么FactoryBean可以算是一个女人，首先它本身也是一个人，但它能够生产人。
BeanFactory: 这就是一个Factory，是一个IOC容器或者叫对象工厂，它里面存着很多的bean。还用上面那个比如：如果bean是人，那么它可以理解成学校，学校里面很多人，学校管理这么多的人。
FactoryBean在IOC的应用：
前面我们在看IOC源码的时候，发现即使我们已经创建出来了对象的实例，还是要走一个方法再处理下，这里就是对FactoryBean的处理，因为它可以产生对象，所以你getBean的时候取到的不是它本身，而是通过它生成的产品。[如果要取它本身，getBean(&+beanName)]我们先来回忆下IOC源码中那个处理FactoryBean的简略代码：
AbstractBeanFactory类的dogetBean方法
protected <T> T doGetBean(
final String name, final Class<T> requiredType, final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly)
throws BeansException {
final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);
Object bean;
// Eagerly check singleton cache for manually registered singletons.
Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
logger.debug("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName +
"' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference");
}
else {
logger.debug("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
}
}
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);
}
else {
// Fail if we're already creating this bean instance:
// We're assumably within a circular reference.
if (isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);
}
// Check if bean definition exists in this factory.
BeanFactory parentBeanFactory = getParentBeanFactory();
if (parentBeanFactory != null && !containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
// Not found -> check parent.
String nameToLookup = originalBeanName(name);
if (args != null) {
// Delegation to parent with explicit args.
return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, args);
}
else {
// No args -> delegate to standard getBean method.
return parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, requiredType);
}
}
if (!typeCheckOnly) {
markBeanAsCreated(beanName);
}
try {
final RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
checkMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName, args);
// Guarantee initialization of beans that the current bean depends on.
String[] dependsOn = mbd.getDependsOn();
if (dependsOn != null) {
for (String dep : dependsOn) {
if (isDependent(beanName, dep)) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Circular depends-on relationship between '" + beanName + "' and '" + dep + "'");
}
registerDependentBean(dep, beanName);
getBean(dep);
}
}
// Create bean instance.
if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
@Override
public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
try {
return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
// Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there
// eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution.
// Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean.
destroySingleton(beanName);
throw ex;
}
}
});
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
}
else if (mbd.isPrototype()) {
// It's a prototype -> create a new instance.
Object prototypeInstance = null;
try {
beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
finally {
afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
}
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
}
else {
String scopeName = mbd.getScope();
final Scope scope = this.scopes.get(scopeName);
if (scope == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope name '" + scopeName + "'");
}
try {
Object scopedInstance = scope.get(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
@Override
public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
try {
return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
finally {
afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
}
}
});
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(scopedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
}
catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
"Scope '" + scopeName + "' is not active for the current thread; consider " +
"defining a scoped proxy for this bean if you intend to refer to it from a singleton",
ex);
}
}
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
cleanupAfterBeanCreationFailure(beanName);
throw ex;
}
}
// Check if required type matches the type of the actual bean instance.
if (requiredType != null && bean != null && !requiredType.isInstance(bean)) {
try {
return getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(bean, requiredType);
}
catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Failed to convert bean '" + name + "' to required type '" +
ClassUtils.getQualifiedName(requiredType) + "'", ex);
}
throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
}
}
return (T) bean;
}
我们可以看到，无论是直接取单例的bean，还是创建单例、多例、自定义生命周期的bean，都会经过bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);这个方法，我们现在就来看看这里到底做了什么：
AbstractBeanFactory类的getObjectForBeanInstance方法
protected Object getObjectForBeanInstance(
Object beanInstance, String name, String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
// Don't let calling code try to dereference the factory if the bean isn't a factory.
if (BeanFactoryUtils.isFactoryDereference(name) && !(beanInstance instanceof FactoryBean)) {
throw new BeanIsNotAFactoryException(transformedBeanName(name), beanInstance.getClass());
}
// Now we have the bean instance, which may be a normal bean or a FactoryBean.
// If it's a FactoryBean, we use it to create a bean instance, unless the
// caller actually wants a reference to the factory.
if (!(beanInstance instanceof FactoryBean) || BeanFactoryUtils.isFactoryDereference(name)) {
return beanInstance;
}
Object object = null;
if (mbd == null) {
object = getCachedObjectForFactoryBean(beanName);
}
if (object == null) {
// Return bean instance from factory.
FactoryBean<?> factory = (FactoryBean<?>) beanInstance;
// Caches object obtained from FactoryBean if it is a singleton.
if (mbd == null && containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
}
boolean synthetic = (mbd != null && mbd.isSynthetic());
object = getObjectFromFactoryBean(factory, beanName, !synthetic);
}
return object;
}
这里有必要单独说一下解引用：
Dereference(解引用)：一个在C/C++中应用的比较多术语，在C++中， "*"是解引用符号，"&"是引用符号。
解引用：变量所指向的是所引用对象的本身数据，而不是对象的内存地址。
上面的代码可以看到，对于大多数bean的getBean，一般走到第二步就返回了，也就是说我们创建的Bean对象就是想要的bean，但对于FactoryBean的创建，如果是对内存地址的引用，那么取到的是它生产的bean，而不是它本身。所以我们继续看怎么取到生产的对象的：
FactoryBeanRegistrySupport类的getObjectFromFactoryBean方法
protected Object getObjectFromFactoryBean(FactoryBean factory,
String beanName, boolean shouldPostProcess) {
// Bean工厂是单态模式，并且Bean工厂缓存中存在指定名称的Bean实例对象
if (factory.isSingleton() && containsSingleton(beanName)) {
synchronized (getSingletonMutex()) {
// 直接从Bean工厂缓存中获取指定名称的Bean实例对象
Object object = this.factoryBeanObjectCache.get(beanName);
// Bean工厂缓存中没有指定名称的实例对象，则生产该实例对象
if (object == null) {
// 调用Bean工厂的getObject方法生产指定Bean的实例对象
object = doGetObjectFromFactoryBean(factory, beanName,
shouldPostProcess);
// 将生产的实例对象添加到Bean工厂缓存中
this.factoryBeanObjectCache.put(beanName,
(object != null ? object : NULL_OBJECT));
}
return (object != NULL_OBJECT ? object : null);
}
}
// 调用Bean工厂的getObject方法生产指定Bean的实例对象
else {
return doGetObjectFromFactoryBean(factory, beanName,
shouldPostProcess);
}
}
//调用Bean工厂的getObject方法生产指定Bean的实例对象
private Object doGetObjectFromFactoryBean(
final FactoryBean factory, final String beanName, final boolean shouldPostProcess)
throws BeanCreationException {
Object object;
try {
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
AccessControlContext acc = getAccessControlContext();
try {
//实现PrivilegedExceptionAction接口的匿名内置类
//根据JVM检查权限，然后决定BeanFactory创建实例对象
object = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedExceptionAction<Object>() {
public Object run() throws Exception {
//调用BeanFactory接口实现类的创建对象方法
return factory.getObject();
}
}, acc);
}
catch (PrivilegedActionException pae) {
throw pae.getException();
}
}
else {
//调用BeanFactory接口实现类的创建对象方法
object = factory.getObject();
}
}
catch (FactoryBeanNotInitializedException ex) {
throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName, ex.toString());
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "FactoryBean threw exception on object creation", ex);
}
//创建出来的实例对象为null，或者因为单态对象正在创建而返回null
if (object == null && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(
beanName, "FactoryBean which is currently in creation returned null from getObject");
}
//为创建出来的Bean实例对象添加BeanPostProcessor后置处理器
if (object != null && shouldPostProcess) {
try {
object = postProcessObjectFromFactoryBean(object, beanName);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Post-processing of the FactoryBean's object failed", ex);
}
}
return object;
}
第一个方法就是区分单例还是多例，第二个方法是真真的调用getObject的方法获得FactoryBean生产的对象。从代码中可以看到，具体产生Bean的地方时这个getObject方法，Spring为这个FactoryBean提供了70多个实现，比如Poxy、JDNI、RMI等等。所以我们不再举例，看个截图，下面我们将自己动手实现一个FactoryBean。
FactoryBean的举例理解
我们先来看下FactoryBean的接口定义：
public interface FactoryBean<T> {
T getObject() throws Exception;
Class<?> getObjectType();
boolean isSingleton();
}
所以：FactoryBean的核心就在于能过getObject方法可以获取的是它所生产的对象，所以我们在Proxy创建代理对象的时候就比较方便。还有一些bean，如果通过配置的方式，会显得比较麻烦和复杂，那么这时候适当的采用编码方式在某些场合下还是挺不错的。
我们下面就通过一个简单的例子来体验下getObject方法[讲道理，这里实际意义不多，重在理解方法含义]
假如：我们有个Person对象，里面包含name, address, age属性
public class Person {
private String name;
private String address;
private int age;
}
那如果我们要在Spring中配置该对象的话，需要这么配置：
<bean id="personBean" class="com.gh.MavenTest.Person">
<property name="name" value="gh1" />
<property name="address" value="address1" />
<property name="age" value="28" />
</bean>
那么现在我们可以通过getBean("personBean")来获取该对象。那么我们来看下如果通过实现FactoryBean以后该怎么写呢？来看下我们的PersonFactory的代码：
public class PersonFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<Person>{
private String personInfo;
public Person getObject() throws Exception {
Person person = new Person () ;
String [] infos = personInfo.split ( "," ) ;
person.setName(infos[0]);
person.setAddress(infos[1]);
person.setAge(Integer.parseInt(infos[2]));
return person;
}
public Class<Person> getObjectType() {
return Person.class;
}
public boolean isSingleton() {
return true;
}
}
我们看到，这里PersonFactoryBean实现了FactoryBean接口，那么自然也要实现它定义的方法。这里我们是通过personInfo字符串解析得到Person对象，那么我们在配置Spring的时候就可以这么配置：
<bean id="personFactory" class="com.hik.MavenTest.PersonFactory">
<property name="personInfo" value="gh2,address2,22"></property>
</bean>
OK，那么这个时候我们getBean("personFactory")得到的就是Person对象而不是PersonFactoryBean对象。具体原理参考上面在IOC的应用，我们通过bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null)这个方法，具体调用到了getObject方法，所以结果很明显。
通过上面的小案例的代码，我们可以看到如果一个类实现了FactoryBean接口，那么getBean得到的不是他本身了，而是它所生产的对象，如果我们希望得到它本身，只需要加上&符号即可。至于FactoryBean的实际应用，需要大家去发现理解，后面如果有机会继续聊聊这个东西。